Humanities and social science research, there must be consciousness to face social problems, from theory to practice and from practice to theory. ”
"Little yard wudaokou, Hospital Road outside the hospital. Hospital stood outside the car, run outside the dog in the hospital. External flushing hospital was built, throw garbage in the courtyard outside the hospital. "At qinghe, Haidian District, in the sunny South community, circulating a rhyme for a long time.
Community is a cell of society. Communities, the social dynamic. This time, Li Qiang, Dean of social sciences at Tsinghua University with his team, to qinghe to experiment, launched an "experts ' participation in community governance model" exploration.
"Humanities and social science research, there must be consciousness to face social problems, from theory to practice and from practice to theory. "Li Qiang said.
"Some programmes on the tall, but not practical"
On April 24, 2016, the Sun South Community Center in the space of less than 30 square meters of underground activity, 30 families were gathered over more than 70 members, the elderly, children, and young couples.
This time, they didn't come here to play fun games, nor to learn calligraphy, square dancing, they were doing architectural design. Liu Jiayan, Associate Professor in the school of architecture, Tsinghua University, team leadership, imagination, design your own heart "triangle".
"Triangle" is a triangle of the Sun in the south entrance to the community garden, in and out of lanes on both sides, the small garden tape. Years without maintenance, residents often walk their dogs here, lie in wait everywhere ' mine ', dressed almost everywhere. "Liu Jiayan described" triangle "shit and garbage of the status quo.
Community housing density, population, cars coming and going, old people with nowhere to go, had to walk along the road, risk-prone. "Whether or not there is a place where we stopped to rest" "whether or not there is a place for us to sit together chatter chat" has become the strong aspirations of the residents.
"Outside the Park is more public space, is the space of Exchange, interaction, and national park is mostly in order to increase the afforestation rate, rarely consider the needs of people. "Liu Jiayan believes that should be addressed through community space to allow residents to recognize community, understanding home.
Tan Xiaoyan Li Qiang is postdoctoral fellow in qinghe Street attachment to Assistant to the Director, is "River experiment" General Coordinator and performer. In "triangle" converted to carriers, Tan Xiaoyan took the team to interview residents, organized the residents to discuss, design activities, will draw people's attention to the "triangle" transformation. Participation of the residents, Tsinghua University with scale planning and design Research Institute and the Academy of fine arts design a total of 6 sets of programmes, for the residents to choose.
"Some of the programmes are modern, on the tall, but that it was not useful, practical design in our opinion is very general, but the residents thought to be closer to the community. "Tan Xiaoyan said the scheme elected by the inhabitants themselves, is what they really want.
"Triangle" reconstruction activities realized Li Qiang, the original preset 3 objectives: one is to let residents know their communities, get rid of the indifferent attitude; the second is ability to train residents, DIY renovation home; the third is a consensus, fostering a sense of community.
Transformation of "triangle" is "River experiment" wings "system of social organization experiment" "community environments enhance the experiment" in the wing.
Toilets, garbage, parking is a community in the South suspended three problems unresolved for a long time. To solve the problem is only the first step to create "a happy community", Li Qiang and his team of qinghe-sample, the next big move.
"Humility is very heavy, even the questionnaire does not accept, not to mention the household interview"
Qinghe was a historical "treasure".
In 1928, Yen Ching Restaurant University sociologist Yang Kaidao, Xu Shilian in doing a famous "River experiment", transforming farmers, build villages. Although the experiment had to discontinue because of the Japanese occupation of Peking.
Select Li Qiang Qing he, not only because of its history, is more important because it's a reality.
"River, is the epitome of historical changes in the Chinese society for decades. "Li Qiang said.
Compared to the rural area in the 1920 of the 20th century, today's River has undergone a sea change: farmland disappeared, characterized by flat, densely populated, 9.37 sq km area, agglomeration has a population of more than 170,000, which has more than 90,000 migrant population, the high population "upside down" is serious.
In addition, community-type complex, high profile real estate community, also has a foreign population of villages, old "community". In terms of demographic composition, high-end community Live Oak Bay population for high-tech talent, business people, government officials, University professors, and other community living old migration of demolition of the old residents, migrant populations, and so on.
"Geography complex, residential complex, community property is complex. "In the view of Li Qiang, China's reform and opening up more than 30 years, the community has undergone great changes, River is a microcosm of the decades of social change in China.
"Sociologically speaking, River is the best sample of social governance. "Li Qiang said.
Tan Xiaoyan from the undergraduate to the postdoctoral community has been doing research, also several times a year into the community to do research, but in practice, talk about Xiao-yan realized the difference between research and practice. "Community development is complex. Qinghe, is particularly complex. ”
June 2014 "qinghe experiment" after the official start, Tan Xiaoyan team in Oak Bay, mills and sunshine in the South community survey, only in Oak Bay community, survey refusal rate has been as high as 60%. "Busy, no time" is the most common excuse, "do you want to do" is the most direct challenge.
"Humility is very heavy, even the questionnaire does not accept, not to mention household interviews. "Tan Xiaoyan feeling, neighborhoods: living is really what people want?
So, the first question on the survey was: "what is your ideal community look like? ”
No preset option, there is no standard answer, but what's interesting is, Oak Bay, transition, whether in the upscale community of community Mills, or in the floating population gathered in the sunny south of the community, 576 in the statistics questionnaires, Tan Xiaoyan surprised, "neighbourhood watch" has become an ideal community for people first think quality, followed by the environment, the third is the facilities.
"We thought people would want a variety of hardware and improving facilities, but residents are more focused on neighborhoods, helping each other is strong. "Tan Xiaoyan, this answer is somewhat unexpected, but also some traditional regression.
For more than 30 years reform and opening up, China has undergone enormous changes in the form of grass-roots communities. Seen from the space, housing communities, traditional hutongs, the old community diversification, urban villages and rural communities coexist; seen from the composition, flowing traditional society as the population gradually disintegrate, along with urbanization, urban and rural grass-roots community governance system has also undergone a significant change from traditional urban and rural dual structure becomes more complex and diverse.
All this presents a challenge to the traditional patterns of social management.
"If the majority of residents are actively involved in, what kind of problem is easy to fix"
18 session put forward the "innovating social governance." 18 adopted by the plenary session of the CPC Central Committee for formulating national economic and social development of clear recommendations on the 13th five-year plan "construction co-construction and sharing of national governance structure".
In the view of Li Qiang, here are 3 key words worth considering: social governance, building and sharing.
"In the 18 session of the previous file, using the concept of ' management ', and following the plenary meeting, using the ' governance ', one letter difference reflects policy orientation and the transformation of social management. "Analysis of Li Qiang, management is one-way, top-down control, while the governance calls for more social forces" to participate ".
Present population of more than 1.3 billion, China, accelerating urbanization alone control from top to bottom, getting more and more difficult. And social governance itself contains a "building" and "sharing" feature.
"If the majority of residents are actively involved in, no matter what kind of social problems are easier to solve. "In the view of Li Qiang, sharing community governance structure, is on community-building and governance, and ordinary people" participation, common development, common for all to enjoy. "
In the view of Li Qiang, Chinese society is characterized by a powerful Government, "tend to see through, and assume responsibility for border-free, while people are in, on, where, over time, the community has lost momentum and vitality."
From top management, has also led to residents ' needs and varied widely from the Government. Li Qiang believes that needs to have some people on behalf of the residents to express demands.
In January 2015, the Sun community members of the rules of procedure came into being. Qinghe Sun Community of nearly 5000 people, nominated by neighborhood committees elected, others, personal cover, eventually from 17 people participating in the elections to elect the 10 members of the rules of procedure.
Who can become members of the community's rules of procedure? Community rules of procedure members are doing?
On this, Li Qiang in to first community residents Committee rules of procedure of the members of a seal letter in the for has explained: rules of procedure of the members first to has public heart, real do know hundreds of thing, solutions hundred home difficult; II is to has reliability, can stable reliable to for masses service; three is to has oncologists, not only to representative residents interests, also to active tie party sector of work.
"Analysis of the characteristics of the members, is a retired predecessors, another public-spirited community elite. "Tan Xiaoyan believes that in the community, they not only prestige, and is capable of.
This ability is not only to maintain close ties with, winning the public's trust, but residents can be built with a bridge between the party and Government departments, promote community needs into a public issue, and implemented.
Members of the rules of procedure of the two monthly meetings is the 13th monthly meeting to collect residents views to discuss forming issue; another is the 25th day of each month to convene a Joint Committee, party organizations, property, neighborhood committees, the rules of procedure of the Committee and task group under the joint participation, discussion and vote on the issue.
Since its official duties, from March 11, 2015 May 25, 2016, the community received a total of 21 issues of the rules of procedure of the Committee, including Chamber construction, renovation of bicycle shed, improving community green environment, raising the dog to form the sunshine school, random parking and so on, 13 of which have been resolved, 3 outstanding, 5 are in consultation.
"The current members about the basic realization of the function of the rules of procedure. "Tan Xiaoyan, under the current management system of grass-roots, community governance is inseparable from the street, neighborhood.
It is also consistent with "River experiment" objective: innovation and improving the system of self-governance at the party for the masses, in urban and rural communities governance, grassroots public affairs and welfare undertakings according to self-management, self-service, self-education and self-oversight platform to provide guidance and help.
If the elected community members are hard on promoting the rules of procedure, the construction Chamber, opened the sunshine school, reading corner, lectures, salons, is soft-upgrade.
In October 2015, Sunshine school opened on the line up. Then, reading corner, video screenings, a full-time mother Sharon, environmental protection seminars are also being rolled out. Neighborhood offices in the largest meeting room free, free as a Chamber and event space. In 2015, there are over 2000 people participate in a variety of activities.
"Communities most lacking is resources, there are skilled people. "Tan Xiaoyan explained that our classes are community residents to be a teacher. "Photography is a Tai Chi class, the teacher, Tai Chi is a photography class, the teacher. Through classes, we have established a small group so people gradually maturing, confidence-building and cooperation. ”
Tan Xiaoyan, community building should not try to preach, but activities as the carrier, activity was saturated with philosophy, "snowball, slowly accumulating."
"With which communities grow up, just like with which children grow up"
Talking about Xiao-yan under the guidance and training of teams, members of the rules of procedure of the Conference operate more smoothly.
"Only for standard parking, Member of the rules of procedure has been opened 8 times. "Tan Xiaoyan, the more difficult things, the more out of" noisy ", it is time to crack a hard nut.
A year ago, was another scene.
"Swallow you told me your money at Tsinghua University? We do as much as you. "One of the rules of procedure of the Committee asked Tan Xiaoyan.
Tan Xiaoyan said: "don't give money, Tsinghua University, its depends on our people. ”
"That's impossible. "This is also firmly of the rules of procedure members responded.
"After a member of the rules of procedure, Sun communities has greatly improved, first and property relations of the neighborhood is much better than before, and had things to discuss, such as green plants, Pergola has been set in the sunny South, reconstruction is also planning of residential parking spaces, I think our community projects will be implemented in the future better. "Rules of procedure of the Committee Jiang Baichen said.
"On October 24 last year, Carnival Sun communities deeply touched me. I work in the neighborhood for five or six years, always heard the voices: residents love to participate in community activities. But this time not only the participants, but also goals completed. "Kang Xia, Deputy Director of the neighborhood," said our previous activity is cool, do not understand the needs of residents, residents didn't care about nature does not participate in, if the starting point is placed on the vital interests of the people, allow residents to make their own decisions, so that they will feel is the master of community, how would not actively ".
A year, members of the rules of procedure and a shift in attitudes of the residents, doubted the to learn, and actively participate in, to the action. "Community upgrading, the key is to man's elevation. "Tan Xiaoyan said.
In early June, population in the South to the Sun community survey found that more than 500 families in communities, with dozens of empty nest elderly, can Tan Xiaoyan proposed twinning, take care of the elderly. Ahead of the June 23 joint meeting held, members of the rules of procedure for 20 elderly people form a pair.
"Past experience, members of the rules of procedure of the General asks us to do, now, rules of procedure members are already actively searching for solutions. "Tan Xiaoyan said the concept of change is key to no longer, rely on, and learn themselves.
In the view of Li Qiang, in today's relationship between Government, market and society, and the most vulnerable, most lag in social reform and innovation of social governance, "sharing" is arousing social vitality, and increase the participation of the masses.
Community to which direction the development, sharing, and professional instruction and testing of long time. "Accompanied by scaffold building platform, is our main job. "Tan Xiaoyan said, rather than funding, communities need companionship and professional guidance.
Innovative community's ultimate goal is "discussion, summary, line" fully autonomous decision by the residents, but at the moment, "" goals are far from being achieved. And to get residents to move up, resources are still the biggest obstacle.
"Main street hands, without external intervention, community is difficult to established organizations. "Tan Xiaoyan recalled, there were community leaders question: since the text to the right, why not just give the money to the community?
"Community money used? Can you use? "Tan Xiaoyan said, also needed before enabling the right, and" time is not yet ripe. "
Community organizations can not run without money. Next, small
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