Most of modern agriculture-related practitioners believe that chemical pesticides and fertilizers, are an integral part of agricultural production materials. To this end, the chemical pesticides (hereinafter referred to as pesticides) are widely used. But on the other hand, pesticide residues are also causing health problems.
Pesticides are a double-edged sword, has both its advantages and its disadvantages. Agriculture is focused on control effects of pests and diseases, yet at the same time beneficial organisms were also killed, destroyed ecosystems, resulting in the deterioration of the environment. In addition, the use of pests develop resistance to pesticides, as a result, new pesticides after years of use also noticeably decreases, there is cause to humans and animals, damage soil biota is not perfect. Farmland after the destruction of ecosystems, cultural environment will deteriorate, it is hard to produce healthy crops.
Thus, the interests not just of pesticide affects crop growth and development, also will affect human and animal health and the environment. In addition, ecosystem destruction also spread through biological food chain. Pesticides is really "one was destroyed by ants" risk. To fix the industry in recent years, the "sustainable agriculture" this subject, we must understand the nature and limits of the agriculture as soon as possible to get rid of the dependency on pesticides established agricultural development and sound eco-system of contrasts, pest and disease control methods. Second, pesticide problems
1. damage to human and animal health pests and diseases caused by the use of pesticide resistance. This is because in the course of use of pesticides, pathogens and harmful insects multiply from generation to generation, and gradually gained resistance to pesticides, that immunity. Therefore, in the use of pesticides in agriculture, new pesticides continue to introduce harmful pathogens and insects acquire resistance, between the endless vicious cycle.
In addition, the resistance is generally considered biological instinct in order to maintain the defense of life, so the future possibility of pesticide resistance issues is essentially zero. 3. the destruction of ecosystems
Farm bio-agricultural workers tend to be divided into pests and beneficial organisms. However, these creatures coexist in nature, they have biological characteristics. Therefore, the pest the pesticides also kill beneficial organisms. Results will result in the use of pesticides the destruction of the ecological system of the area, its effects will continue to spread through the food chain.
Biology is originally from microbial origin of diverse biological balance composition and food chain. Therefore, the partial destruction of the ecosystem will spread through the food chain, causing the biota is not perfect and has many. The resurgence of the use of pesticides than the damage before use (after the use of certain pesticides, pest population density is reduced in a short period, but soon than unfertilized controls more of the drug phenomenon. ) Is a good illustration of this truth. Farmland after the destruction of biological, plant diseases and insect pests there will be more, crop quality will decline. Pesticide limits
Both pesticide limits leads to its agricultural development could not be achieved. First, was unable to eradicate pests by pest resistance pesticide; second, it is the cause of ecosystem destruction and environmental pollution.
Originally aimed at using pesticides to control pests and diseases from pest damage, grow healthy crops. However, the reality is that not only can not cure diseases and pests, and even ecosystems are damaged, environmental pollution occurred. So continue, crop growing conditions will only worsen, unable to produce healthy crops. Even pesticides harm small, over time, is just "Kettle". This is due to too much emphasis on parts of "allopathy", and on the cultivation of overall sound and maintain and increase the lack of reason. This State continue to grow, the existing agricultural stagnation, sooner or later.
I think the key to the way of sustainable development of agriculture is referred to below in accordance with the laws of nature of non-pesticide control Act of exploitation and popularization. Third, non-pesticide control
1. the concept Basic idea is based on the laws of nature to prevent the occurrence and proliferation of pests and diseases. In biology, "laws of survival of the fittest". Do not adapt to the living environment and conditions in places of living things cannot survive, will be phased out. Non-pesticide control mainly through the application of this principle, with the power of nature to inhibit the occurrence and proliferation of pests and diseases. 2. Summary of the policy of prevention and
2.1 policy In good soil and natural selection as the main method to find preventive measures, based on the use of biological materials, and other complementary treatment. 2.2 Overview 2.2.1 about the prevention 2.2.1.1 use prevention healthy soil Natural forests and fields, we will improve the soil samples. There are no harmful organisms caused by the abnormal proliferation of pests and diseases, there is no barrier. This biological diversity is good, so soft, granular soils, plant roots are very developed, able to fully absorb the nutrients necessary for plant growth and water. Aerial parts of plants to healthy growth and development of Hardy plants that are resistant to pests and diseases. The programme will be divided into the following steps to create healthy soil. Chemical improvements According to soil analysis, at the appropriate time required to supply crop nutrients, cultivate a healthy crop. D. soil deep tillage
According to my experience, current agriculture year after year by shallow tillage, farming soil in farmland caused more shallow, to 15cm. In this root development impeded soil, it is hard to produce healthy crops. To improve this situation, you need to 30~40cm soil depth to promote root development. E. appropriate management
On crop growth and development of the necessary conditions (moisture, temperature, sunlight and nutrients) for proper management, develop a healthy crop.
prevention through natural selection Creatures have their own inherent biological, the environment and conditions for their survival are limited. In such an environment and conditions are indispensable to the life condition and indirect factors that affect their survival.
Including water, air, temperature, sunlight, and prey, which include its habit and living areas, bio-equivalent. For example, creatures to survive in moist places dry environment will be phased out. In addition, natural forests and fields as diverse as the biological equilibrium of symbiosis where specific creatures not exception propagation, so the pest does not occur.
Non-pesticide control focuses on manufacturing conditions inhibit the survival of pests and diseases. Here are a few examples. A ... by means of drying control of bradysia odoriphaga (Chinese traditional) Digging Leek root soil surface soil dry or sprinkle ashes around the base to make the soil for control of bradysia odoriphaga survive. This is by not providing bradysia odoriphaga vital moisture to be phased out. B. Apple's free culture (Japan Apple expert) Everyone says "Apple pesticide-free cultivation is not possible." But Japan Aomori Apple growers by creating natural forests and fields as humus-rich soil and vegetation environment, achieve the Apple cultivation of no pesticides, no fertilizers.
The fundamental role of pesticides is sterilization and insecticide. In addition to harmful organisms, it will also affect beneficial organisms. Even toxic substances contained in pesticides will do harm to humans and animals through the food chain as well as polluting the environment. This series of problems can be said to be widely known, but is not optimistic about the prospects for improvement.
0 comments:
Post a Comment