Written on the front," Qiu Yiru, Taiwan Tzu Chi University teachers, on both sides of the Strait, India to teach sustainable design pumen. Lin Jian, graduated from the architecture Department of Tsinghua University, who is hiding within the city of Beijing real estate trader, is also China's first contact has pioneered the concept of LOHAS, concern organic and education in recent years. I had the privilege to meet two teachers in November 2015, and listening to and recording their conversations. This article according to the recorded dialogue consolidation complete.
Chiu Yi-ru teachers often come to the Mainland to promote sustainable Park (Permaculture), but students have either quit or teaching to, so until now, mainland China does not have a model at a Park Gate farm. I first knew pumen concept of sustainable design is the Jing Project, pumen, later, found that people who have an interest in the concept, more foreign than domestic. Pumen is not so much a technology, rather it is a philosophy.
Qiu Yiru: I found this thought of Western mainstream in a few years, in soil science, water soluble, have all adopted pumen mentioned theories as early as more than 30 years ago, a lot of things also started to Park, I think it is a very interesting thing. Lin Jian: I might have to do the school and campus planning, one started by Park way, schools should also be in the environment of an organic farm. I looked at a lot of schools, including foreign, Waldorf schools in Europe, no one really is built on an organic farm, and I don't see at least one instance. (Japan maybe, but too little. ) First, a lot of people have heard about the concept. Second, this approach out of a welcome, new perspective, organic, ecological agriculture and also not the same.
Qiu Yiru: pumen design ideas in recent years more and more simple. It is to God: how to operate a piece of land from a forest clearing last development. From the process of learning the truth, God how to deal with the issue of water, the problem of what to do with the Sun temperature, how to deal with soil problems, how to deal with the relationship between species and between species, and between nutrient transport in the baby in the baby here (pumen), you can understand the economic problem, a lot of things.
I give you an example. A tree photosynthesis, which obtain energy through photosynthesis, we would think it gets energy in the past in order to open loose leaf and results. Now research has found, a tree photosynthesis 50% energy is transported to the roots, roots to keep fungi and microorganisms in the soil, grass might be a bit less, CK. Some trees, in some cases, even up to 80%.
We usually can be hard to understand, why the trees so great, so sacrificing and devoting so much energy to microbes in the soil, why not let the branches grow more lush? Subsequent studies found that, Wow, this really great, because it is in the microorganisms in the soil! Through micro-organisms to help "dig", moreover, bacterial communication with other plants, even in microbial nutrient stores. Through the food chain in the soil, such as fungi or bacteria are eaten by nematodes, eaten by the Protozoan, a bacterium is like a ball of energy, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in all aspects of it are far better than in plants and native animals eat it a lot, so when after it is eaten, and cannot be absorbed so much, what should I do? Was released, plant then absorbs back. Tree through the method of raising a group of "workers" helped it to work, and continuously will help it "dig". Something called "storing wealth among the people", the Government should not put money in the Treasury, money should be spend on turnover in the market, in the process of working, the Government can obtain the benefits. Trees have the spirit, know a lot about creating jobs.
You see, we are now in many industries, involving industry, eventually flowing into the capital market, have money to make money, rather than the creation of employment opportunities. On the surface, seems to make a lot of money, but create very few jobs. When jobs less purchasing power decreases, until the market is shrinking, the entire economic strength is increasingly shrinking. Therefore, Chinese enterprises will have a lot of excess capacity, it is the same all over the world. The same situation also occurs in a tree top.
When farmers use fertilizers when release fertilizer into the soil, the tree will be aware of the fertilizer in the soil enough, was 50% of nutrients to the roots, now only send 20%, above 30% more nutrients, trees grow, farmers produce the illusion of chemical fertilizers applied effectively. But 5~10% wasn't really absorbed by plants chemical fertilizer because it is soluble, it rains away. Bear fruit above is very beautiful, but the underground is the problem, the soil began to harden, many diseases are produced. I am more and more convinced that the soil of truth can be used in economics, all the arguments are the same, and the more you take care of all sentient beings, sentient beings will take care of you.
Lin Jian: 50~80% you say, this is how to measure? According to come from? Biologists doing the test? Qiu Yiru: tree will first to raised good of microbial with it symbiosis, bad of microbial on no nutrient or to invasion also invasion can't has, this called "soil nutrition cycle", has large of experiment data, first in 1986 began has such of concept, later cumulative has a big heap of information confirmed has this pieces things, also confirmed has why some Park door of operation to later land of production will than application pesticide fertilizer of high, main is it of system established up has. More information confirmed that the time when climate change, such as droughts, floods, etc, use of fertilizer and pesticides farms right off the bat, because it is no buffering capacity of the system. Qian Zhang: Yes, Yes. Beijing heavy rain, fertilizers were flooded, but organic soils are very porous, it's past.
Qiu Yiru: microbes, microbes secrete something like glue, stick together land, called mass structure, so that the water can go on. When dry, the lumpiness of adsorbed water, there is a water polo ball and nutrition there. However, the inertial plant (chemical plant), the BLOB structures are gone, microbes or, soil cement-like, water fall into one won't go to, when there is no water, so have to drip like a nutrient solution. Get and then injecting the same way in hospitals.
Lin Jian: there are now studies say humans have two "brain", one on top and one in the following, is the microbial flora. This bacteria is broken and many diseases. Now foods hard to protect flora would be doing many pills to eat human. (See also have the opportunity to recommend a book to the intestines, brain, Cook) Qian Zhang: high teacher thinking more systematically, not a problem.
Qiu Yiru: Yes, because the world is one and the same.
Qian Zhang: after listening to him, you'll have a lot of questions. Lin Jian: now a lot of trouble, this system does not have a general basis in Chinese, an argument about a lot of things are not clear. For example, "philosophy," what does it mean? "Philosophy" was invented by the Japanese word "political" is also, many common words are not the original meaning of Chinese, "Chinese" is a Japanese invention. This brings people into a cycle of language controversy, difficult to explain, rather than plain speaking the truth of nature, conceptually we will not argue. Qian Zhang: before saw Niu Jian teacher in Beijing, he said we have to have a system. I think for a long time "what is the system?" After today's hearing, probably understand.
Lin Jian: the overall concept. This relationship with our higher education Division is now proprietary. I please Qiu teacher to Tsinghua speech, under sat with of full is top of big experts, due to they long-term accept fine of Professional Division, led to environmental of not understand landscape, and landscape of not understand design, and design of not understand agricultural baby baby environmental, and landscape, and agricultural, and planning, actually this four a professional has cross, but, now hard was can overall overall to both this four a professional, often more experts, he of knowledge more narrow. And now the combined disciplines, especially the Park, it has a more integrated, holistic thinking.
Qiu Yiru: pumen is something that everyone can participate in. I think there is a door in the so-called study in arrogance, he (the expert) will like to get high school and, but when you really dig will find it no more. Park Gate more interesting is, you're in a small vegetable garden or roof can thing experts say at present to some extent, does not require the establishment of norms, regulations, standards, etc. Even so-called project that, in fact, there is no way true to reality, it can only use the uncertainty, how to quantify risk. I worked in Taiwan also helped the Government to do some paperwork, doing this it didn't work right. The real problem is to everyone involved in and have a chance of achieving what they said. Later on, I will not help the Government to do the project, I started in my own neighborhood, Park taught. Lin Jian: mentioned in economics is very interesting.
Qiu Yiru: as I said earlier is plant economics. How to get along with beings from one tree, how to take care of land, we learned from these experiences where the economic problems, funds which should direction, can make the economy as a whole is alive, everyone is with purchasing power. Whether Keynes or Hayek, whose theories are one less thing--people.
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